Why experts question whether Chinas one-child policy was necessary in the first place

Published: Tuesday, January 20, 2026 at 5:34 pm

China's One-Child Policy: A Retrospective Look

Beijing – China's controversial one-child policy, implemented in 1980, is now being re-evaluated in light of the country's declining population and aging workforce. The policy, which lasted for 35 years, aimed to curb population growth amid concerns about economic development and resource scarcity. It involved strict measures, including financial penalties, forced abortions, and sterilization campaigns for those exceeding the one-child limit.

Official statistics reveal that China's birth rate has reached record lows, with the population declining for four consecutive years. This demographic shift has prompted authorities to scrap the policy in 2015, initially allowing two children per couple and later increasing the limit to three.

Experts are now questioning the necessity of the policy, with some arguing that the decline in birth rates might have occurred regardless due to economic and societal changes. The policy's impact is undeniable, however. It led to a preference for male children, creating a gender imbalance within the one-child generation. This generation, often referred to as "little emperors," now faces the pressure of supporting aging parents and grandparents, leading to potential financial strain and mental health challenges.

China is not alone in facing the challenges of an aging population. Many countries worldwide are experiencing declining birth rates as people become wealthier. The Chinese government is attempting to boost birth rates through various measures, including eliminating a tax exemption for condoms and offering cash subsidies to couples. However, reversing this trend has proven difficult in other nations.

BNN's Perspective:

The one-child policy, while intended to address specific concerns at the time, has created a complex set of challenges for China. The long-term consequences, including demographic imbalances and economic pressures, highlight the need for careful consideration when implementing population control measures. The current efforts to encourage higher birth rates demonstrate the government's recognition of the need to adapt to evolving demographic realities.

Keywords: China, one-child policy, population, birth rate, aging population, economic development, gender imbalance, forced abortions, sterilization, demographic shift, workforce, government policies

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