The Forgotten Invention: Why Solar Energy Took 180 Years to Succeed

Published: Wednesday, May 21, 2025 at 7:57 am

Solar Energy's Long Road: From 19th-Century Discovery to Global Powerhouse

Solar energy, a technology discovered in the 19th century, has finally emerged as a global force. But why did it take nearly two centuries for solar power to become widely adopted? The answer lies not just in technological innovation, but in the crucial role of political decisions and economic incentives.

The photovoltaic effect, the foundation of solar panels, was understood as early as 1839. However, the dominance of fossil fuels, driven by their profitability, stifled early adoption. Despite Thomas Edison's early enthusiasm for solar, the oil and coal industries held sway, delaying significant investment in solar research and development.

The tide began to turn in the 1970s. The oil crisis spurred some investment, and the price of solar electricity began a dramatic decline. This drop, a staggering 99% since 1975, made solar panels affordable for individuals and competitive with traditional energy sources. Key to this shift were dedicated scientists and, crucially, supportive government policies. Germany's Renewable Energy Act in 2000, providing substantial subsidies, fueled a massive expansion of solar installations. China's subsequent investment in solar manufacturing further accelerated the price decline, solidifying its position as a global leader.

However, the rapid price drop has also raised concerns. Some economists argue that the low prices may disincentivize private investment in renewable energy, as the returns are less attractive than those from fossil fuels. This highlights the ongoing need for strategic government investment to ensure the continued growth and development of solar technology.

BNN's Perspective: The history of solar energy underscores the importance of a balanced approach. While innovation is essential, government policies and strategic investments are critical to driving the adoption of renewable energy. A combination of public and private sector involvement, along with a long-term vision, is necessary to ensure a sustainable energy future.

Keywords: Solar energy, solar power, photovoltaic effect, renewable energy, history of solar, solar panel, fossil fuels, energy transition, government policy, China solar, renewable energy act, energy investment, climate change, sustainable energy.

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